Evolution of Bordetella pertussis is driven by natural and vaccine pressures.Isolates circulating in regions with high vaccination coverage present multiple allelic and antigenic variations as compared to isolates collected before introduction of vaccination.Furthermore, during the last epidemics reported in regions using pertussis acellular vaccin
This article aims to reveal the discourse on the resistance of two Javanese ulama who were victims of the Dutch colonial politics of exile in the 19th Century.This study uses several letter manuscripts written by Kiai Ahmad Arrifai Kalisalak and Kiai Hasan Gift Option Maolani Kuningan from their exile as primary sources.The letters addressed to his
LeuO is a conserved and pleiotropic transcription regulator, antagonist of the nucleoid-associated silencer protein H-NS, and important for pathogenicity and multidrug resistance in Enterobacteriaceae.Regulation of transcription of the leuO gene is complex.It is silenced by H-NS and its paralogue StpA, and Lower Spray Arm Bush it is autoregulated.I